The types of endoscopic malfunctions can be roughly divided into: ① natural aging or artificial malfunctions; ② Mechanical or electronic faults; ③ Static or dynamic faults; ④ Faults caused by the equipment itself or surrounding environment; ⑤ There are also faults that occur in multiple forms and cross over simultaneously.

造成內鏡故障發生的因素

Factors that cause endoscopic malfunctions

可能歸納為三個主要因素：① 醫護人員操作習慣，清洗人員的習慣，病人的配合程度等；② 設備本身的特性，清洗、配合診治等相關設備情況；③ 使用環境、保管環境，還有重要的管理制度環境。

It may be summarized into three main factors: ① the operating habits of medical staff, the habits of cleaning and disinfecting personnel, and the degree of patient cooperation; ② The characteristics of the equipment itself, cleaning, disinfection, and coordination with diagnosis and treatment related equipment; ③ The usage environment, storage environment, and important management system environment.

故障判斷的方法

Method of fault diagnosis

故障判斷的方法包括：

The methods for fault diagnosis include:

①排除法：常規使用的基本方法、但必須對工作原理要非常了解；

① Exclusion method: A basic method for routine use, but one must have a thorough understanding of the working principle;

②跟臺發現法：針對一些人為因素導致的故障使用中才發現；

② Follow the platform discovery method: only discover faults caused by human factors during use;

③點檢檢測法：針對未發現故障，排查潛在故障避免故障擴大及延變；

③ Spot check detection method: for undetected faults, identify potential faults to avoid fault expansion and extension;

④故障推理法：針對發現了問題，故障如何產生的；

④ Fault inference method: targeting the problem discovered and how the fault was generated;

⑤經驗判斷法：根據多年的工作經驗積累進行總結及分析。

⑤ Empirical judgment method: Summarize and analyze based on years of work experience accumulation.

使用、清冼、注意事項

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection

使用、清洗、注意事項：

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection:

手術時嚴禁大力彎折或碰撞；

During surgery, it is strictly prohibited to bend or collide vigorously;

使用輔助治設備時要保證在視野內操作，當窺鏡配合激光汽化、高頻電切、微波等光電技術進行手術時，應注意窺鏡前端與點的距離，保證窺鏡前端不被電擊或燒灼；

When using auxiliary treatment equipment, it is necessary to ensure safe operation within the field of vision. When the endoscope is used in conjunction with optoelectronic technologies such as laser vaporization, high-frequency electrocision, and microwave for surgery, attention should be paid to the distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point to ensure that the front end of the endoscope is not electrocuted or burned;

術中調整視野角度時需保護好鏡子本身，鏡子與鞘管鏈接時必須對準位置并用卡鎖固定，不易過猛；

Protect the mirror itself when adjusting the visual field angle during operation. When connecting the mirror with the sheath, it must be aligned and fixed with a lock, which is not easy to be too violent;

建議單獨存放避免與其它器械碰撞，必須輕取輕放以免碰撞鏡子，鏡子傳像系統是玻璃柱體易碎；

It is recommended to store it separately to avoid collision with other instruments. It must be handled with care to avoid collision with the mirror. The mirror image transmission system is made of fragile glass columns;

建議手術前用溫水浸泡，涂防霧油；

It is recommended to soak in warm water and apply anti fog oil before surgery;

在清洗和的時候，建議把鏡子和別的手術器械分開，用塑料盆清洗；

When cleaning and disinfecting, it is recommended to separate the mirror from other surgical instruments and use a plastic basin for cleaning;

前要把鏡頭清洗干凈，否則異物在后積累在鏡頭上，以影響圖像質量。當鏡頭上異物過多時，可用棉簽涂一些鏡子附帶的清潔劑在鏡面上，然后用清水清洗干凈；

Before disinfection, the lens should be cleaned thoroughly, otherwise foreign objects will accumulate on the lens after disinfection, which may affect image quality. When there are too many foreign objects on the lens, you can use a cotton swab to apply some of the cleaning agent that comes with the mirror to the mirror surface, and then clean it with clean water;

盡量不要頻繁更換方法，這樣對鏡子的密封有好處；

Try not to frequently change the disinfection and sterilization methods, as this is beneficial for the sealing of the mirror;

禁止用超聲波清洗鏡子，盡量不要用生理鹽水清洗鏡子，否則容易生銹跡；

It is prohibited to use ultrasound to clean mirrors, and it is recommended not to use physiological saline to clean mirrors, as this may cause rust;

當高溫高壓完鏡子后，一定要讓鏡子自然冷卻，禁止用冷水冷卻；

After high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection of the mirror, it is necessary to allow the mirror to cool naturally, and it is prohibited to use cold water for cooling;

所以的鏡子浸泡時間不能超過60分鐘；

The soaking and disinfection time of all mirrors should not exceed 60 minutes;

高溫高壓：建議盡量不要用高溫高壓，但在緊急時也可以進行高溫高壓。

High temperature and high pressure disinfection: It is recommended not to use high temperature and high pressure disinfection as much as possible, but high temperature and high pressure disinfection can also be carried out in emergency situations.

高溫高壓的條件：建議控制高溫高壓時間及充分的自然冷卻。

Conditions for high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection: It is recommended to control the sterilization time of high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection and sufficient natural cooling.